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0:00 The most used OS you never installed 0:38 Born from spite. The AT&T Unix license ban 1:25 Tanenbaum rewrites an OS from scratch 2:34 Kept too small. Enter Linus Torvalds 3:06 It was never meant to be called Linux 3:44 The umbilical cord. Linux on the Minix filesystem 4:26 The fork that decides everything. BSD vs GPL 5:01 Linux eats the world 5:24 Minix 3 and the reincarnation server 6:26 Ring minus 3. The hidden computer inside Intel 7:15 The answer is Minix 8:32 The open letter. As a courtesy 9:17 Why the license was everything 10:58 What we take home The most widely deployed operating system on x86 machines is not Windows. It is not Linux. It is Minix. A teaching OS written by Andrew Tanenbaum to get around a license now runs in secret at the deepest privilege level of roughly a billion Intel chips. And its creator found out from the news. This is the story of an OS born to rebel against a license, and walled inside a black box twenty years later by a license. BSD versus GPL, and why the right license matters more than the best code. Tanenbaum's open letter to Intel (the "as a courtesy" letter, original): https://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/intel/ Tom's Hardware on the letter and that he learned it from press coverage: https://www.tomshardware.com/news/minix-creator-letter-intel-management-engine,35900.html Tom's Hardware on Google removing the Minix-based ME (Minnich): https://www.tomshardware.com/news/google-removing-minix-management-engine-intel,35876.html Ronald Minnich's ELC Europe 2017 talk "Replace Your Exploit-Ridden Firmware with Linux" writeup (CNX Software): https://www.cnx-software.com/2017/11/07/minix-based-intel-management-engine-firmware-uefi-are-closed-source-insecure-nerf-to-the-rescue/ BleepingComputer, ME runs Minix, Ring minus 3, web server, file system: https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/hardware/intels-secret-cpu-on-chip-management-engine-me-runs-on-minix-os/ Minix on Wikipedia (1987, microkernel, BSD license, ME among supported platforms): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minix Minix 3 on Wikipedia (2005 release, reincarnation server, self-healing): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minix_3 The Freax name and Ari Lemmke renaming it on the FTP server: https://www.linux.org/threads/how-should-we-write-the-word-linux.48554/